Group of Compulsory Modules Oriental Studies (43 ECTS)

OR-3 Cultural and Economic Geography of the Middle East and North Africa (5 ECTS)

• 141312 VO Cultural and Economic Geography of the Near East and North Africa

OR-4 Religious History of the Middle East (6 ECTS)

OR-5 Ancient Near Eastern History (8 ECTS)

OR-6 History of the Middle East and North Africa after the Rise of Islam (8 ECTS)

OR-7 History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (8 ECTS)

• 141025 VO Political History of the Ottoman-Turkish Region (up to the present)

OR-8 Cultural and Historical Continuities (8 ECTS)

• 141004 VO Socio-economic and cultural longue-durée phenomena in the Middle East and North Africa
• 141113 VO Regional Cultures and Languages: South Arabia, the Red Sea, andthe Indian Ocean